EGFR (G719S Mutant) Proteins

Protein Information

EGFR receptor tyrosine kinase is a transmembrane glycoprotein. Binding of epidermal growth factor to EGFR induces receptor dimerization and tyrosine autophosphorylation and leads to cell proliferation, differentiation, motility, and cell survival. Activation of EGFR triggers mitogenic signaling in gastrointestinal mucosa, and its expression is upregulated in colon cancers and most neoplasms. Activation of EGFR triggers activation of the ERK-signaling pathway in normal gastric epithelial and colon cancer cell lines. Inactivation of EGFR with selective inhibitors significantly reduces ERK2 activation, c-fos mRNA expression and cell proliferation. EGFR activation signals multiple downstream signaling cascades such as the Ras - ERK, PI3-K - Akt, Jak - STAT and PKC pathways that help in growth and proliferation of cells. Mutations in the EGFR gene are associated with lung cancer and multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encode different protein isoforms of EGFR have been found. Increased production or activation of EGFR has been associated with poor prognosis in a variety of tumors. Moreover, EGFR overexpression is observed in tumors of the head and neck, brain, bladder, stomach, breast, lung, endometrium, cervix, vulva, ovary, esophagus, stomach and in squamous cell carcinoma.